Multiple Choice
Identify the
letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
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| 1. | Which
of the following has components that are obviously different? a. | homogeneous
mixture | c. | colloid | b. | solution | d. | heterogeneous mixture | | | | |
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| 2. | A
heterogeneous mixture always contains a. | only one substance. | b. | more than two
substances. | c. | two or more substances that are visibly
distinguishable. | d. | two or more substances that are not visibly
distinguishable. | | |
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| 3. | Which
of the following is a pure substance? a. | water | c. | soil | b. | milk | d. | concrete | | | | |
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| 4. | Which
of the following is a heterogeneous mixture? a. | water | c. | whole-wheat bread | b. | a sugar-water
solution | d. | sugar | | | | |
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| 5. | Which
of the following is a homogeneous mixture? a. | water | c. | whole-wheat bread | b. | a sugar-water
solution | d. | sugar | | | | |
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| 6. | Which
of the following is a thoroughly mixed homogeneous mixture of substances in a single
phase? a. | a
solution | c. | a
compound | b. | a colloid | d. | a suspension | | | | |
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| 7. | All
of the following are homogeneous mixtures EXCEPT a. | sodium chloride. | c. | gasoline. | b. | a sugar-water
solution. | d. | a salt-water
solution. | | | | |
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| 8. | All
of the following are heterogeneous mixtures EXCEPT a. | whole-wheat
bread. | c. | tap
water. | b. | granite. | d. | an oil-water mixture. | | | | |
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| 9. | Which
of the following is NOT a solute-solvent combination? a. | gas-gas
combination | c. | gas-solid
combination | b. | gas-liquid combination | d. | liquid-solid combination | | | | |
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| 10. | Water
in air is an example of which solute-solvent combination? a. | gas-liquid | c. | liquid-liquid | b. | liquid-gas | d. | gas-gas | | | | |
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| 11. | Carbon dioxide in water is an example of which solute-solvent
combination? a. | gas-liquid | c. | liquid-liquid | b. | liquid-gas | d. | cannot be determined | | | | |
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| 12. | Sugar
in water is an example of which solute-solvent combination? a. | gas-liquid | c. | solid-liquid | b. | liquid-liquid | d. | liquid-solid | | | | |
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| 13. | Oxygen in nitrogen is an example of which solute-solvent combination? a. | gas-liquid | c. | gas-solid | b. | liquid-gas | d. | gas-gas | | | | |
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| 14. | Which
mixture contains visible particles that settle out unless the mixture is stirred? a. | a
colloid | c. | a
solution | b. | a homogeneous mixture | d. | a suspension | | | | |
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| 15. | Which
mixture contains particles that are in a dispersed phase and do not settle out? a. | a
colloid | c. | a
solution | b. | a heterogeneous mixture | d. | a suspension | | | | |
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| 16. | A
metal solution is a(n) a. | colloid. | c. | suspension. | b. | alloy. | d. | electrolyte. | | | | |
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| 17. | An
aerosol dispenser contains a colloidal dispersion of a. | two
liquids. | c. | a solid and a
liquid. | b. | two solids. | d. | a gas and a liquid. | | | | |
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| 18. | The
colloidal particles in a colloid form the a. | dispersing medium. | c. | solvent. | b. | dispersed
phase. | d. | solute. | | | | |
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| 19. | Colloids a. | can be separated by filtering. | c. | scatter light. | b. | settle out when
allowed to stand. | d. | are
heterogeneous. | | | | |
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| 20. | The
Tyndall effect is used to distinguish between a. | liquids and gases. | c. | colloids and heterogeneous mixtures. | b. | solutions and
colloids. | d. | solvents and
solutes. | | | | |
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| 21. | A
substance whose water solution conducts a current is a(n) a. | nonelectrolyte. | c. | nonpolar
substance. | b. | electrolyte. | d. | solute. | | | | |
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| 22. | To
conduct electricity, a solution must contain a. | nonpolar molecules. | c. | ions. | b. | polar
molecules. | d. | free
electrons. | | | | |
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| 23. | Which
of the following is an electrolyte? a. | sodium chloride | c. | water | b. | sugar | d. | glass | | | | |
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| 24. | A
substance whose water solution does NOT conduct a current is a(n) a. | polar
substance. | c. | electrolyte. | b. | nonelectrolyte. | d. | ionic substance. | | | | |
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| 25. | Which
of the following is a molecular substance whose water solution conducts electricity? a. | liquid
hydrogen | c. | sugar | b. | hydrogen chloride | d. | iron | | | | |
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| 26. | Which
of the following is a nonelectrolyte? a. | sodium chloride | c. | sugar | b. | hydrogen
chloride | d. | potassium
chloride | | | | |
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| 27. | Molecules whose water solutions conduct current a. | require carbon
to decompose in water. | c. | do not dissolve
in water. | b. | ionize in water. | d. | can crystallize. | | | | |
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| 28. | Which
of the following does NOT increase the rate of dissolving a solid in water? a. | raising the
temperature | c. | using larger
pieces of solid | b. | stirring | d. | crushing the solid | | | | |
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| 29. | Increasing the surface area between solute and solvent a. | increases the
rate of dissolution. | b. | decreases the rate of dissolution. | c. | has no effect on
the rate of dissolution. | d. | can increase, decrease, or have no effect on the rate of
dissolution. | | |
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| 30. | Which
of the following decreases the average speed of solvent molecules? a. | increasing the
temperature | c. | adding more
solvent | b. | stirring the solution | d. | decreasing the temperature | | | | |
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| 31. | Stirring increases the rate of dissolution because it a. | raises the
temperature. | b. | lowers the temperature. | c. | brings fresh
solvent into contact with the solute. | d. | decreases surface area of the solute. | | |
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| 32. | Which
of the following will dissolve most rapidly? a. | sugar cubes in cold water | c. | powdered sugar in cold water | b. | sugar cubes in
hot water | d. | powdered sugar
in hot water | | | | |
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| 33. | Which
of the following will dissolve most slowly? a. | large salt crystals in unstirred
water | c. | small salt
crystals in unstirred water | b. | large salt crystals in stirred
water | d. | small salt
crystals in stirred water | | | | |
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| 34. | Raising the collision rate between solute and solvent a. | increases the
rate of dissolution. | b. | decreases the rate of dissolution. | c. | has no effect on
the rate of dissolution. | d. | can increase, decrease, or have no effect on the rate of
dissolution. | | |
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| 35. | Raising solvent temperature causes solvent-solute collisions to
become a. | less frequent
and more energetic. | c. | less frequent
and less energetic. | b. | more frequent and more
energetic. | d. | more frequent
and less energetic. | | | | |
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| 36. | If a
solution is not agitated while it is being made, dissolved solute tends to a. | mix
uniformly. | c. | build up in the
solvent near the solute. | b. | build up in the solvent far from the
solute. | d. | raise the
temperature of the solvent. | | | | |
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| 37. | Which
of the following is at equilibrium when undissolved solute is visible? a. | a saturated
solution | c. | a supersaturated
solution | b. | an unsaturated solution | d. | all of the above | | | | |
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| 38. | If
the amount of solute present in a solution at a given temperature is less than the maximum amount
that can dissolve at that temperature, the solution is said to be a. | saturated. | c. | supersaturated. | b. | unsaturated. | d. | concentrated. | | | | |
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| 39. | If
the amount of dissolved solute in a solution at a given temperature is greater than the amount that
can permanently remain in solution at that temperature, the solution is said to be a. | saturated. | c. | supersaturated. | b. | unsaturated. | d. | diluted. | | | | |
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| 40. | In a
solution at equilibrium, a. | no dissolution occurs. | b. | the rate of
dissolution is less than the rate of crystallization. | c. | the rate of
dissolution is greater than the rate of crystallization. | d. | the rate of
dissolution and the rate of crystallization are equal. | | |
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| 41. | The
solubility of a substance at a given temperature can be expressed as a. | grams of
solute. | c. | amount of solute
per amount of solvent. | b. | grams of solvent. | d. | grams of water per 100 g of solute. | | | | |
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| 42. | The
solubility of a solute depends on a. | the nature of the solute and the temperature of the
solvent. | b. | the nature of the solute only. | c. | the temperature
of the solvent only. | d. | neither the nature of the solute nor the temperature of the
solvent. | | |
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| 43. | Which
of the following is likely to produce crystals if disturbed? a. | an unsaturated
solution | c. | a saturated
solution | b. | a supersaturated solution | d. | a concentrated solution | | | | |
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| 44. | The
rate of dissolution is a. | directly related to solubility. | c. | related to the square of the
solubility. | b. | inversely related to
solubility. | d. | not related to
solubility. | | | | |
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| 45. | In
the expression like dissolves like, the word like refers to similarity in molecular a. | mass. | c. | energy. | b. | size. | d. | polarity. | | | | |
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| 46. | The
rule like dissolves like is used to predict a. | solubility. | c. | reactivity. | b. | equilibrium. | d. | phase. | | | | |
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| 47. | Which
of the following is an example of a polar solvent? a. | carbon
tetrachloride | c. | water | b. | benzene | d. | gasoline | | | | |
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| 48. | Which
of the following is an example of a nonpolar solvent? a. | water | c. | both a and
b | b. | carbon
tetrachloride | d. | neither a nor
b | | | | |
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| 49. | A
substance that is NOT soluble in a polar solvent is a. | nonpolar. | c. | polar. | b. | ionic. | d. | hydrogen bonded. | | | | |
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| 50. | Which
of the following is soluble in water? a. | potassium nitrate | c. | benzene | b. | silver | d. | carbon
tetrachloride | | | | |
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| 51. | Sugar
is soluble in water because sugar molecules are a. | massive. | c. | nonpolar. | b. | large. | d. | polar. | | | | |
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| 52. | Two
immiscible substances are a. | water and ammonia. | c. | carbon tetrachloride and benzene. | b. | water and
ethanol. | d. | benzene and
water. | | | | |
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| 53. | Which
of the following is a solvent for both polar and nonpolar solutes? a. | water | c. | ethanol | b. | carbon tetrachloride | d. | benzene | | | | |
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| 54. | Endothermic dissolution processes a. | absorb heat and have positive heats of
solution. | b. | release heat and have positive heats of
solution. | c. | absorb heat and have negative heats of
solution. | d. | release heat and have negative heats of
solution. | | |
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| 55. | In
solvation, which particles interact? a. | solute only | c. | solute and solvent | b. | solvent
only | d. | none of the
above | | | | |
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| 56. | Which
of the following releases energy? a. | overcoming solute-solute
attraction | c. | overcoming
solvent-solvent attraction | b. | forming solute-solvent
attraction | d. | all of the
above | | | | |
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| 57. | When
the energy released by forming solvent-solute attractions is greater than the energy absorbed by
overcoming solute-solute and solvent-solvent attractions, the dissolving process a. | has a negative
heat of solution. | c. | occurs
rapidly. | b. | has a positive heat of
solution. | d. | does not
occur. | | | | |
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| 58. | Increasing temperature favors dissolution when a. | the heat of
solution is negative. | c. | dissolution
occurs rapidly. | b. | the heat of solution is
positive. | d. | the dissolution
process is exothermic. | | | | |
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| 59. | The
dissolution of gases in liquids is generally a. | endothermic. | c. | rapid. | b. | exothermic. | d. | impossible. | | | | |
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| 60. | Heat
of solution is generally expressed in a. | kilocalories. | b. | moles of solute
per kilogram. | c. | kilojoules per mole of solute at a specified
temperature. | d. | moles of solute in a specified amount of solvent per
kilojoule. | | |
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| 61. | Which
of the following values for heat of solution at 25ºC represents the greatest release of
energy? a. | –3.59
kJ/mol | c. | +1.33
kJ/mol | b. | –0.01 kJ/mol | d. | +12.40 kJ/mol | | | | |
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| 62. | The
formation of solid-liquid solutions a. | always releases heat. | c. | can either absorb or release heat. | b. | always absorbs
heat. | d. | neither absorbs
nor releases heat. | | | | |
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| 63. | Pressure has the greatest effect on the solubility of a. | solids in
liquids. | c. | gases in
gases. | b. | liquids in liquids. | d. | gases in liquids. | | | | |
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| 64. | The
solubility of gases in liquids a. | always increases with increasing
pressure. | b. | sometimes increases with increasing
pressure. | c. | always decreases with increasing
pressure. | d. | does not depend on pressure. | | |
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| 65. | Henry's law relates a. | pressure to temperature. | c. | temperature to gas-liquid solubility. | b. | pressure to
gas-liquid solubility. | d. | pressure to
liquid-solid solubility. | | | | |
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| 66. | For a
mixture of gases, the solubility of each gas in water varies a. | directly with
the partial pressure of the gas. | b. | inversely with the partial pressure of the
gas. | c. | directly with
the total pressure of the mixture. | d. | inversely with the total pressure of the
mixture. | | |
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| 67. | Effervescence is the a. | dissolution of gas in liquid. | b. | escape of gas
from a gas-liquid solution. | c. | escape of gas from a container of
gas. | d. | escape of solid
from a solid-liquid solution. | | |
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| 68. | As
temperature increases, solubility of gases in liquids a. | increases. | c. | can increase or
decrease. | b. | decreases. | d. | is not affected. | | | | |
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| 69. | As
temperature increases, solubility of solids in liquids a. | always
increases. | c. | usually
increases. | b. | always decreases. | d. | usually decreases. | | | | |
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| 70. | Cesium sulfate is a typical solid whose solubility decreases a. | only if the
pressure decreases. | c. | only if the
pressure increases. | b. | with increasing temperature. | d. | with decreasing temperature. | | | | |
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| 71. | Which
of the following expresses concentration? a. | molality | c. | percent concentration by mass | b. | molarity | d. | all of the
above | | | | |
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| 72. | Which
of the following is expressed in grams of solute instead of moles of solute? a. | molality | c. | neither a nor
b | b. | molarity | d. | a and
b | | | | |
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| 73. | What
is the molarity of a solution that contains 0.202 mol KCl in 7.98 L solution? a. | 0.0132
M | c. | 0.459
M | b. | 0.0253
M | d. | 1.363
M | | | | |
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| 74. | What
is the molality of a solution that contains 5.10 mol KNO3 in 4.47 kg
water? a. | 0.315
m | c. | 1.02
m | b. | 0.779 m | d. | 1.14 m | | | | |
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| 75. | What
is the molarity of a solution that contains 125 g NaCl in 4.00 L solution? a. | 0.535
M | c. | 8.56
M | b. | 2.14
M | d. | 31.3
M | | | | |
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| 76. | What
is the molality of a solution that contains 31.0 g HCl in 5.00 kg water? a. | 0.062
m | c. | 0.170
m | b. | 0.425 m | d. | 15.5 m | | | | |
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| 77. | How
many moles of HCl are present in 0.70 L of a 0.33 M HCl solution? a. | 0.23
mol | c. | 0.38
mol | b. | 0.28
mol | d. | 0.47
mol | | | | |
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| 78. | The
concentration of a water solution of NaCl is 2.48 m, and it contains 806 g of water. How much
NaCl is in the solution? a. | 2.00 g | c. | 117 g | b. | 89.3
g | d. | 224
g | | | | |
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| 79. | An
NaOH solution contains 1.90 mol of NaOH, and its concentration is 0.555 M. What is its
volume? a. | 0.623
L | c. | 1.05
L | b. | 0.911
L | d. | 3.42
L | | | | |
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| 80. | What
mass of water must be used to make a 1.35 m solution that contains 8.20 mol of
NaOH? a. | 6.07
kg | c. | 11.1
kg | b. | 7.44
kg | d. | 14.5
kg | | | | |
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| 81. | How
many milliliters water are needed to make a 0.171 M solution that contains 1.00 g of
NaCl? a. | 100
mL | c. | 171
mL | b. | 1000
mL | d. | 17.1
mL | | | | |
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Problem
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| | 82. | A
solution contains 85.0 g of NaNO3, and has a volume of 750. mL. Find the molarity of the
solution.
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| | 83. | What
is the molarity of a solution of sucrose, C12H22O11, that contains
125 g of sucrose in 3.50 L of solution?
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| | 84. | How
many grams of NaOH are required to prepare 200. mL of a 0.450 M solution?
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| | 85. | How
many grams of NaC2H3O2 are needed to prepare 350. mL of a 2.75 M
solution?
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| | 86. | How
many grams of Na2SO4 are needed to prepare 750. mL of a 0.375 M
solution?
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| | 87. | Iron(III) chloride can be produced by reacting Fe2O3 with a
hydrochloric acid solution. How many milliliters of a 6.00 M HCl solution are needed to react with
excess Fe2O3 to produce 16.5 g of FeCl3?
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| | 88. | Muriatic acid is often used to remove rust. A solution of muriatic acid, HCl, reacts
with Fe2O3 deposits on industrial equipment. How many liters of 5.50 M HCl
would be needed to react completely with 439 g Fe2O3?
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